Legal issues
Misuse of Drugs Act 1971
The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 is the main piece of legislation covering drugs. The law places drugs into three different categories, known as Class A, B and C. Drugs regulated in this way are known as 'controlled' substances, and Class A drugs are those considered to be the most harmful, while drugs classified C are those considered not as harmful.
Under the Misuse of Drugs Act it is an offence to:
- Possess a controlled substance unlawfully.
- Possess a controlled substance with intent to supply it.
- To unlawfully supply a controlled drug (even where no charge is made for the drug).
- To allow premises you occupy or manage to be used for the purpose of drug taking.
Use of the controlled drug is not in itself unlawful.
Drug trafficking (supply) attracts serious punishment including life imprisonment for Class A offences. To enforce this law the police have special powers to stop, detain and search people on "reasonable suspicion" that they are in possession of a controlled drug.
Class A drugs
Include: Ecstasy, LSD, heroin, cocaine, crack, magic mushrooms (if prepared for use) amphetamines (if prepared for injection).
Penalties for possession: Up to seven years in prison or an unlimited fine. Or both.
Penalties for dealing: Up to life in prison or an unlimited fine. Or both.
Class B drugs
Include: Amphetamines, Methylphenidate (Ritalin), Pholcodine
Penalties for possession: Up to five years in prison or an unlimited fine. Or both
Penalties for dealing: Up to 14 years in prison or an unlimited fine. Or both
Class C drugs
Include: Cannabis, tranquillisers, come painkillers, GHB (Gamma hydroxybutyrate).
Penalties for possession: Up to two years in prison or an unlimited fine. Or both.
Penalties for dealing: Up to 14 years in prison or an unlimited fine. Or both.
Some drugs, for example Ketamine, are not yet classified and are regulated through the Medicines Act.
Section 8 of the Misuse of Drugs Act
Section 8 of the MDA makes it an offence if a person 'being the occupier or concerned in the management of any premises' knowingly permits the use of cannabis or prepared opium. Punishment can vary between 3 - 6 months or a fine or both if tried in a Magistrate's Court, and between 5 - 14 years or a fine or both if tried in a Crown Court.
It is possible if you are, for example, a committee member, board member or manager (indeed a person 'being the occupier or concerned in the management of any premises') you could be prosecuted if you knowingly permit cannabis use in your premises.
Misuse of Drugs Regulations 1985
The Regulations impose different regimes of control on the drugs by putting each of them in one of four main Schedules. Drugs in Schedule 1 have little or no acknowledged therapeutic use and are the most tightly regulated while those in the other three Schedules have medical uses and are subject to lesser regulation with those in Schedule 4 being least regulated. There is a fifth Schedule that applies to low concentration preparations of the drugs that are not for injection.
Medicines Act 1968
This law governs the manufacture and supply of medicine. There are three categories:
- Prescription Only drugs can be sold by a pharmacist if prescribed by a doctor.
- Pharmacy medicines may be sold by a pharmacist without prescription.
- General sales list medicines may be sold without a prescription in any shop.
- Possession of Prescription Only medicines without a prescription is a serious offence. Drugs such as amyl nitrite, GHB and ketamine are regulated under the Medicines Act.
Intoxicating Substances (Supply) Act 1985
In England, Wales and Northern Ireland it is an offence for a person to supply to a person under 18 substances which (or the fumes of which) he believes are likely to be inhaled with the purpose of causing intoxication. In Scotland there is a similar offence under common law.
Licensing Act 1964
This is the main piece of legislation relating to the sale and supply of alcohol. It sets down the times alcohol may be served and who it may be served to. The act makes it illegal to sell alcohol to anyone under the age of 18 (with some exceptions). The legal sale and consumption of alcohol varies according to age, and is summarises in the table included in the section on 'alcohol'.